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Ultrasound is one of the most important tools in evaluating the infertile patient. It functions by emitting sound waves that are either absorbed or reflected based upon the structure and composition of the target organs. These reflected  sound waves produce images similar to those produced with x-ray but no radiation is required.
The vaginal probe ultrasound is used extensively during infertility treatment, especially if the patient undergoes ovulation induction with infertility medications. The ultrasound allows visualization of the follicles as they develop and the physician can closely monitor response to medications.
The lining of the uterus must develop to the proper size to accept the developing embryo and the ultrasound is used to measure its thickness. Internal organs such as the uterus and the ovaries can be seen and oftentimes, uterine masses, such as fibroids are visible. (Text compliments of North Shore Fertility, Skokie, Illinois)
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