Endometriosis

The developing embryo implants in the endometrial lining of the uterus. The endometrium is composed of cells (endometrial) that divide rapidly, increase in vascularity and provide an optimal environment for the implantation of the embryo. They are stimulated to grow and divide by the hormone estrogen which increases during the later part of the menstrual cycle. If pregnancy does not occur, the endometrial tissue is expelled during menstruation.

Endometriosis occurs when endometrial cells enter the pelvic cavity and attach to organs such as the ovaries, uterus, tubes, etc. One cause of endometriosis is believed to be the "back flow" of blood during the menstrual cycle. They implant, grow and cause damage to the affected organ(s). They can also contribute to infertility by creating an "inflammatory environment" within the pelvic cavity. Endometriosis is often accompanied by pain during menstruation, intercourse, or bowel movements. In many cases, endometriosis is present with no symptoms and is diagnosed via laparoscopy.

A skilled reproductive surgeon can often remove endometrial tissue during the diagnostic laparoscopy negating the need for additional surgeries.

Fertility drugs, such as Lupron, are often used to treat endometriosis. These products reduce the level of estrogen which is required for endometrial cell growth.

Physician Article

Endometriosis: Diagnosis and Treatment; By Keith A Hansen M.D